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mod_rest/README.markdown @ 5939:db5128d1a16c
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author | Matthew Wild <mwild1@gmail.com> |
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date | Thu, 30 May 2024 17:55:07 +0100 |
parent | 5932:dcea4b4c415d |
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1 --- |
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2 labels: |
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha' |
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4 summary: RESTful XMPP API |
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5 rockspec: |
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6 build: |
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7 modules: |
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8 mod_rest.jsonmap: jsonmap.lib.lua |
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9 copy_directories: |
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10 - example |
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11 - res |
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12 --- |
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13 |
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14 # Introduction |
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15 |
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16 This is yet another RESTful API for sending and receiving stanzas via |
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17 Prosody. It can be used to build bots and components implemented as HTTP |
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18 services. It is the spiritual successor to [mod_post_msg] and absorbs |
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19 use cases from [mod_http_rest] and [mod_component_http] and other such |
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20 modules floating around the Internet. |
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21 |
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22 # Usage |
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23 |
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24 You make a choice: install via VirtualHosts or as a Component. User authentication can |
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25 be used when installed via VirtualHost, and OAuth2 can be used for either. |
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26 |
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27 ## On VirtualHosts |
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28 |
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29 This enables rest on the VirtualHost domain, enabling user authentication to secure |
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30 the endpoint. Make sure that the modules_enabled section is immediately below the |
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31 VirtualHost entry so that it's not under any Component sections. EG: |
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32 |
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33 ```lua |
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34 VirtualHost "chat.example.com" |
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35 modules_enabled = {"rest"} |
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36 ``` |
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37 |
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38 ## As a Component |
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39 |
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40 If you install this as a component, you won't be able to use user authentication above, |
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41 and must use OAuth2 authentication outlined below. |
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42 |
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43 ``` {.lua} |
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44 Component "chat.example.com" "rest" |
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45 component_secret = "dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K" |
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46 modules_enabled = {"http_oauth2"} |
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47 ``` |
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48 |
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49 ## User authentication |
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50 |
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51 To enable user authentication, edit the "admins = { }" section in prosody.cfg.lua, EG: |
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52 |
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53 ```lua |
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54 admins = { "admin@chat.example.com" } |
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55 ``` |
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56 |
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57 To set up the admin user account: |
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58 |
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59 ```lua |
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60 prosodyctl adduser admin@chat.example.com |
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61 ``` |
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62 |
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63 and lastly, drop the "@host" from the username in your http queries, EG: |
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64 |
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65 ```lua |
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66 curl \ |
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67 https://chat.example.com:5281/rest/version/chat.example.com \ |
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68 -k \ |
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69 --user admin \ |
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70 -H 'Accept: application/json' |
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71 ``` |
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72 |
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73 ## OAuth2 |
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75 [mod_http_oauth2] can be used to grant bearer tokens which are accepted |
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76 by mod_rest. Tokens can be passed to `curl` like `--oauth2-bearer |
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77 dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K` instead of using `--user`. |
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79 ## Sending stanzas |
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80 |
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81 The API endpoint becomes available at the path `/rest`, so the full URL |
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82 will be something like `https://conference.chat.example.com:5281/rest`. |
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83 |
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84 To try it, simply `curl` an XML stanza payload: |
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85 |
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86 ``` {.sh} |
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87 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \ |
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89 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \ |
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90 --data-binary '<message type="chat" to="user@example.org"> |
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91 <body>Hello!</body> |
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92 </message>' |
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93 ``` |
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94 |
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96 | |
97 ``` {.sh} | |
98 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \ | |
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99 --user username \ |
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101 --data-binary '{ | |
102 "body" : "Hello!", | |
103 "kind" : "message", | |
104 "to" : "user@example.org", | |
105 "type" : "chat" | |
106 }' | |
107 ``` | |
108 | |
109 The `Content-Type` header is important! | |
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110 |
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111 ### Parameters in path |
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112 |
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113 New alternative format with the parameters `kind`, `type`, and `to` |
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114 embedded in the path: |
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115 |
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116 ``` |
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117 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest/message/chat/john@example.com \ |
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118 --user username \ |
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119 -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \ |
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120 --data-binary 'Hello John!' |
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121 ``` |
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122 |
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123 ### Replies |
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124 |
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125 A POST containing an `<iq>` stanza automatically wait for the reply, |
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126 long-polling style. |
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127 |
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128 ``` {.sh} |
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129 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \ |
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130 --user username \ |
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131 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \ |
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132 --data-binary '<iq type="get" to="example.net"> |
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133 <ping xmlns="urn:xmpp:ping"/> |
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134 </iq>' |
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135 ``` |
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136 |
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137 Replies to other kinds of stanzas that are generated by the same Prosody |
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138 instance *MAY* be returned in the HTTP response. Replies from other |
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139 entities (connected clients or remote servers) will not be returned, but |
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140 can be forwarded via the callback API described in the next section. |
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141 |
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142 ### Simple info queries |
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143 |
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144 A subset of IQ stanzas can be sent as simple GET requests |
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145 |
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146 ``` |
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147 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest/version/example.com \ |
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148 --user username \ |
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149 -H 'Accept: application/json' |
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150 ``` |
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151 |
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152 The supported queries are |
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153 |
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154 - `archive` |
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155 - `disco` |
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156 - `extdisco` |
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157 - `items` |
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158 - `lastactivity` |
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159 - `oob` |
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160 - `payload` |
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161 - `ping` |
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162 - `stats` |
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163 - `version` |
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164 |
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165 ## Receiving stanzas |
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166 |
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167 TL;DR: Set this webhook callback URL, get XML `POST`-ed there. |
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168 |
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169 ``` {.lua} |
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170 Component "rest.example.net" "rest" |
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171 rest_callback_url = "http://my-api.example:9999/stanzas" |
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172 ``` |
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173 |
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174 The callback URL supports a few variables from the stanza being sent, |
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175 namely `{kind}` (e.g. message, presence, iq or meta) and ones |
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176 corresponding to stanza attributes: `{type}`, `{to}` and `{from}`. |
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177 |
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178 The preferred format can be indicated via the Accept header in response |
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179 to an OPTIONS probe that mod_rest does on startup, or by configuring: |
3813 | 180 |
181 ``` {.lua} | |
182 rest_callback_content_type = "application/json" | |
183 ``` | |
184 | |
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185 Example callback looks like: |
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186 |
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187 ``` {.xml} |
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188 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1 |
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189 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml |
3813 | 190 Content-Length: 102 |
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191 |
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192 <message to="bot@rest.example.net" from="user@example.com" type="chat"> |
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193 <body>Hello</body> |
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194 </message> |
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195 ``` |
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196 |
3813 | 197 or as JSON: |
198 | |
199 ``` {.json} | |
200 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1 | |
201 Content-Type: application/json | |
202 Content-Length: 133 | |
203 | |
204 { | |
205 "body" : "Hello", | |
206 "from" : "user@example.com", | |
207 "kind" : "message", | |
208 "to" : "bot@rest.example.net", | |
209 "type" : "chat" | |
210 } | |
211 ``` | |
212 | |
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213 ### Which stanzas |
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214 |
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215 The set of stanzas routed to the callback is determined by these two |
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216 settings: |
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217 |
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218 `rest_callback_stanzas` |
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219 : The stanza kinds to handle, defaults to `{ "message", "presence", "iq" }` |
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220 |
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221 `rest_callback_events` |
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222 : For the selected stanza kinds, which events to handle. When loaded |
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223 on a Component, this defaults to `{ "bare", "full", "host" }`, while on |
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224 a VirtualHost the default is `{ "host" }`. |
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225 |
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226 Events correspond to which form of address was used in the `to` |
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227 attribute of the stanza. |
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228 |
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229 bare |
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230 : `localpart@hostpart` |
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231 |
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232 full |
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233 : `localpart@hostpart/resourcepart` |
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234 |
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235 host |
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236 : `hostpart` |
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237 |
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238 The following example would handle only stanzas like `<message |
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239 to="anything@hello.example"/>` |
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240 |
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241 ```lua |
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242 Component "hello.example" "rest" |
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243 rest_callback_url = "http://hello.internal.example:9003/api" |
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244 rest_callback_stanzas = { "message" } |
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245 rest_callback_events = { "bare" } |
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246 ``` |
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247 |
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248 ### Replying |
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249 |
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250 To accept the stanza without returning a reply, respond with HTTP status |
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251 code `202` or `204`. |
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252 |
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253 HTTP status codes in the `4xx` and `5xx` range are mapped to an |
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254 appropriate stanza error. |
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255 |
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256 For full control over the response, set the `Content-Type` header to |
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257 `application/xmpp+xml` and return an XMPP stanza as an XML snippet. |
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258 |
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259 ``` {.xml} |
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260 HTTP/1.1 200 Ok |
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261 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml |
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262 |
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263 <message type="chat"> |
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264 <body>Yes, this is bot</body> |
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265 </message> |
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266 ``` |
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267 |
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268 ## Payload format |
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269 |
3813 | 270 ### JSON |
271 | |
272 ``` {.json} | |
273 { | |
274 "body" : "Hello!", | |
275 "kind" : "message", | |
276 "type" : "chat" | |
277 } | |
278 ``` | |
279 | |
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280 Further JSON object keys as follows: |
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281 |
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282 #### Messages |
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283 |
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284 `kind` |
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285 : `"message"` |
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286 |
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287 `type` |
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288 : Commonly `"chat"` for 1-to-1 messages and `"groupchat"` for group |
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289 chat messages. Others include `"normal"`, `"headline"` and |
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290 `"error"`. |
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291 |
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292 `body` |
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293 : Human-readable message text. |
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294 |
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295 `subject` |
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296 : Message subject or MUC topic. |
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297 |
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298 `html` |
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299 : HTML. |
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300 |
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301 `oob_url` |
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302 : URL of an out-of-band resource, often used for images. |
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303 |
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304 #### Presence |
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305 |
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306 `kind` |
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307 : `"presence"` |
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308 |
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309 `type` |
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310 : Empty for online or `"unavailable"` for offline. |
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311 |
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312 `show` |
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313 : [Online |
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314 status](https://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6121.html#presence-syntax-children-show), |
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315 `away`, `dnd` etc. |
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316 |
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317 `status` |
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318 : Human-readable status message. |
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319 |
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320 #### Info-Queries |
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321 |
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322 Only one type of payload can be included in an `iq`. |
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323 |
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324 `kind` |
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325 : `"iq"` |
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326 |
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327 `type` |
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328 : `"get"` or `"set"` for queries, `"response"` or `"error"` for |
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329 replies. |
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330 |
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331 `ping` |
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332 : Send a ping. Get a pong. Maybe. |
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333 |
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334 `disco` |
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335 : Retrieve service discovery information about an entity. |
3813 | 336 |
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337 `items` |
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338 : Discover list of items (other services, groupchats etc). |
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339 |
3813 | 340 ### XML |
341 | |
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342 ``` {.xml} |
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343 <message type="" id="" to="" from="" xml:lang=""> |
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344 ... |
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345 </message> |
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346 ``` |
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347 |
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348 An XML declaration (`<?xml?>`) **MUST NOT** be included. |
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349 |
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350 The payload MUST contain one (1) `message`, `presence` or `iq` stanza. |
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351 |
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352 The stanzas MUST NOT have an `xmlns` attribute, and the default/empty |
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353 namespace is treated as `jabber:client`. |
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354 |
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355 # Examples |
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356 |
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357 ## Python / Flask |
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358 |
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359 Simple echo bot that responds to messages as XML: |
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360 |
3813 | 361 ``` {.python} |
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362 from flask import Flask, Response, request |
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363 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET |
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364 |
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365 app = Flask("echobot") |
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366 |
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367 |
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368 @app.before_request |
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369 def parse(): |
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370 request.stanza = ET.fromstring(request.data) |
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371 |
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372 |
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373 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"]) |
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374 def hello(): |
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375 if request.stanza.tag == "message": |
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376 return Response( |
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377 "<message><body>Yes this is bot</body></message>", |
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378 content_type="application/xmpp+xml", |
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379 ) |
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380 |
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381 return Response(status=501) |
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382 |
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383 |
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384 if __name__ == "__main__": |
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385 app.run() |
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386 ``` |
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387 |
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388 And a JSON variant: |
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389 |
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390 ``` {.python} |
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391 from flask import Flask, Response, request, jsonify |
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392 |
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393 app = Flask("echobot") |
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394 |
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395 |
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396 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"]) |
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397 def hello(): |
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398 print(request.data) |
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399 if request.is_json: |
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400 data = request.get_json() |
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401 if data["kind"] == "message": |
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402 return jsonify({"body": "hello"}) |
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403 |
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404 return Response(status=501) |
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405 |
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406 |
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407 if __name__ == "__main__": |
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408 app.run() |
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409 ``` |
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410 |
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411 Remember to set `rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"` for |
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412 this to work. |
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413 |
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414 # JSON mapping |
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415 |
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416 This section describes the JSON mapping. It can't represent any possible |
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417 stanza, for full flexibility use the XML mode. |
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418 |
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419 ## Stanza basics |
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420 |
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421 `kind` |
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422 : String representing the kind of stanza, one of `"message"`, |
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423 `"presence"` or `"iq"`. |
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424 |
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425 `type` |
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426 : String with the type of stanza, appropriate values vary depending on |
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427 `kind`, see [RFC 6121]. E.g.`"chat"` for *message* stanzas etc. |
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428 |
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429 `to` |
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430 : String containing the XMPP Address of the destination / recipient of |
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431 the stanza. |
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432 |
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433 `from` |
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434 : String containing the XMPP Address of the sender the stanza. |
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435 |
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436 `id` |
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437 : String with a reasonably unique identifier for the stanza. |
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438 |
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439 ## Basic Payloads |
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440 |
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441 ### Messages |
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442 |
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443 `body` |
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444 : String, human readable text message. |
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445 |
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446 `subject` |
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447 : String, human readable summary equivalent to an email subject or the |
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448 chat room topic in a `type:groupchat` message. |
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449 |
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450 ### Presence |
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451 |
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452 `show` |
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453 : String representing availability, e.g. `"away"`, `"dnd"`. No value |
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454 means a normal online status. See [RFC 6121] for the full list. |
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455 |
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456 `status` |
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457 : String with a human readable text message describing availability. |
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458 |
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459 ## More payloads |
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460 |
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461 ### Messages |
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462 |
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463 `state` |
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464 : String with current chat state, e.g. `"active"` (default) and |
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465 `"composing"` (typing). |
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466 |
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467 `html` |
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468 : String with HTML allowing rich formatting. **MUST** be contained in a |
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469 `<body>` element. |
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470 |
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471 `oob_url` |
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472 : String with an URL of an external resource. |
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473 |
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474 ### Presence |
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475 |
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476 `muc` |
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477 : Object with [MUC][XEP-0045] related properties. |
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478 |
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479 ### IQ |
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480 |
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481 `ping` |
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482 : Boolean, a simple ping query. "Pongs" have only basic fields |
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483 presents. |
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484 |
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485 `version` |
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486 : Map with `name`, `version` fields, and optionally an `os` field, to |
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487 describe the software. |
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488 |
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489 #### Service Discovery |
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490 |
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491 `disco` |
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492 |
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493 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery |
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494 query. |
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495 |
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496 Responses have a map containing an array of available features in |
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497 the `features` key and an array of "identities" in the `identities` |
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498 key. Each identity has a `category` and `type` field as well as an |
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499 optional `name` field. See [XEP-0030] for further details. |
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500 |
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501 `items` |
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502 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery |
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503 items list query. The response contain an array of items like |
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504 `{"jid":"xmpp.address.here","name":"Description of item"}`. |
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505 |
3953
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506 `extensions` |
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507 : Map of extended feature discovery (see [XEP-0128]) data with |
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508 `FORM_DATA` fields as the keys pointing at maps with the rest of the |
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509 data. |
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510 |
3890
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511 #### Ad-Hoc Commands |
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512 |
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513 Used to execute arbitrary commands on supporting entities. |
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514 |
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515 `command` |
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516 |
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517 : String representing the command `node` or Map with the following |
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518 possible fields: |
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519 |
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520 `node` |
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521 : Required string with node from disco\#items query for the |
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522 command to execute. |
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523 |
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524 `action` |
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525 : Optional enum string defaulting to `"execute"`. Multi-step |
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526 commands may involve `"next"`, `"prev"`, `"complete"` or |
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527 `"cancel"`. |
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528 |
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529 `actions` |
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530 : Set (map of strings to `true`) with available actions to proceed |
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531 with in multi-step commands. |
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532 |
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533 `status` |
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534 : String describing the status of the command, normally |
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535 `"executing"`. |
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536 |
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537 `sessionid` |
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538 : Random session ID issued by the responder to identify the |
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539 session in multi-step commands. |
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540 |
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541 `note` |
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542 : Map with `"type"` and `"text"` fields that carry simple result |
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543 information. |
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544 |
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545 `form` |
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546 : Data form with description of expected input and data types in |
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547 the next step of multi-step commands. **TODO** document format. |
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548 |
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549 `data` |
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550 : Map with only the data for result dataforms. Fields may be |
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551 strings or arrays of strings. |
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552 |
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553 ##### Example |
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554 |
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555 Discovering commands: |
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556 |
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557 ``` {.json} |
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558 { |
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559 "items" : { |
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560 "node" : "http://jabber.org/protocol/commands" |
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561 }, |
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562 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm", |
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563 "kind" : "iq", |
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564 "to" : "example.com", |
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565 "type" : "get" |
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566 } |
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567 ``` |
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568 |
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569 Response: |
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570 |
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571 ``` {.json} |
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572 { |
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573 "from" : "example.com", |
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574 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm", |
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575 "items" : [ |
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576 { |
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577 "jid" : "example.com", |
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578 "name" : "Get uptime", |
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579 "node" : "uptime" |
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580 } |
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581 ], |
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582 "kind" : "iq", |
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583 "type" : "result" |
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584 } |
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585 ``` |
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586 |
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587 Execute the command: |
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588 |
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589 ``` {.json} |
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590 { |
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591 "command" : { |
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592 "node" : "uptime" |
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593 }, |
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594 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l", |
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595 "kind" : "iq", |
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596 "to" : "example.com", |
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597 "type" : "set" |
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598 } |
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599 ``` |
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600 |
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601 Executed: |
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602 |
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603 ``` {.json} |
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604 { |
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605 "command" : { |
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606 "node" : "uptime", |
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607 "note" : { |
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608 "text" : "This server has been running for 0 days, 20 hours and 54 minutes (since Fri Feb 7 18:05:30 2020)", |
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609 "type" : "info" |
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610 }, |
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611 "sessionid" : "6380880a-93e9-4f13-8ee2-171927a40e67", |
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612 "status" : "completed" |
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613 }, |
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614 "from" : "example.com", |
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615 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l", |
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616 "kind" : "iq", |
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617 "type" : "result" |
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618 } |
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619 ``` |
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620 |
4275 | 621 # TODO |
622 | |
623 - Describe multi-step commands with dataforms. | |
624 - Versioned API, i.e. /v1/stanzas | |
625 - Bind resource to webhook/callback | |
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626 |
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627 # Compatibility |
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628 |
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629 Requires Prosody trunk / 0.12 |