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mod_rest/README.markdown

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mod_rest/README: Mention the OPTIONS probe fired at the callback ... in passing. Should be documented better. But not this day! This day, I commit features!
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Sat, 09 Apr 2022 00:37:55 +0200
parent 4535:dc35d2932d3e
child 4920:bdac7c717c91
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: RESTful XMPP API
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5 rockspec:
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6 build:
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7 modules:
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8 mod_rest.jsonmap: jsonmap.lib.lua
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9 copy_directories:
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10 - example
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11 - res
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12 ---
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13
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14 # Introduction
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15
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16 This is yet another RESTful API for sending and receiving stanzas via
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17 Prosody. It can be used to build bots and components implemented as HTTP
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18 services. It is the spiritual successor to [mod_post_msg] and absorbs
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19 use cases from [mod_http_rest] and [mod_component_http] and other such
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20 modules floating around the Internet.
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21
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22 # Usage
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23
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24 ## On VirtualHosts
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25
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26 ```lua
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27 VirtualHost "example.com"
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28 modules_enabled = {"rest"}
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29 ```
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30
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31 ## As a Component
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32
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33 ``` {.lua}
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34 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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35 component_secret = "dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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36 modules_enabled = {"http_oauth2"}
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37 ```
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38
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39 ## OAuth2
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40
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41 [mod_http_oauth2] can be used to grant bearer tokens which are
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42 accepted by mod_rest.
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43
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44 ## Sending stanzas
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45
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46 The API endpoint becomes available at the path `/rest`, so the full URL
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47 will be something like `https://your-prosody.example:5281/rest`.
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48
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49 To try it, simply `curl` an XML stanza payload:
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50
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51 ``` {.sh}
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52 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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53 --user username \
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54 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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55 --data-binary '<message type="chat" to="user@example.org">
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56 <body>Hello!</body>
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57 </body>'
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58 ```
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59
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60 or a JSON payload:
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61
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62 ``` {.sh}
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63 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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64 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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65 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
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66 --data-binary '{
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67 "body" : "Hello!",
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68 "kind" : "message",
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69 "to" : "user@example.org",
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70 "type" : "chat"
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71 }'
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72 ```
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73
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74 The `Content-Type` header is important!
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75
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76 ### Parameters in path
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77
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78 New alternative format with the parameters `kind`, `type`, and `to`
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79 embedded in the path:
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80
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81 ```
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82 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest/message/chat/john@example.com \
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83 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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84 -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
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85 --data-binary 'Hello John!'
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86 ```
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87
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88 ### Replies
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89
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90 A POST containing an `<iq>` stanza automatically wait for the reply,
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91 long-polling style.
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92
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93 ``` {.sh}
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94 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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95 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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96 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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97 --data-binary '<iq type="get" to="example.net">
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98 <ping xmlns="urn:xmpp:ping"/>
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99 </iq>'
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100 ```
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101
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102 Replies to other kinds of stanzas that are generated by the same Prosody
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103 instance *MAY* be returned in the HTTP response. Replies from other
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104 entities (connected clients or remote servers) will not be returned, but
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105 can be forwarded via the callback API described in the next section.
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106
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107 ### Simple info queries
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108
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109 A subset of IQ stanzas can be sent as simple GET requests
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110
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111 ```
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112 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest/version/example.com \
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113 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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114 -H 'Accept: application/json'
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115 ```
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116
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117 The supported queries are
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118
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119 - `disco`
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120 - `items`
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121 - `version`
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122 - `ping`
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123
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124 ## Receiving stanzas
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125
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126 TL;DR: Set this webhook callback URL, get XML `POST`-ed there.
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127
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128 ``` {.lua}
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129 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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130 rest_callback_url = "http://my-api.example:9999/stanzas"
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131 ```
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132
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133 The preferred format can be indicated via the Accept header in response
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134 to an OPTIONS probe that mod_rest does on startup, or by configuring:
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135
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136 ``` {.lua}
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137 rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"
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138 ```
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139
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140 Example callback looks like:
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141
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142 ``` {.xml}
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143 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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144 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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145 Content-Length: 102
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146
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147 <message to="bot@rest.example.net" from="user@example.com" type="chat">
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148 <body>Hello</body>
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149 </message>
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150 ```
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151
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152 or as JSON:
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153
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154 ``` {.json}
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155 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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156 Content-Type: application/json
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157 Content-Length: 133
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158
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159 {
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160 "body" : "Hello",
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161 "from" : "user@example.com",
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162 "kind" : "message",
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163 "to" : "bot@rest.example.net",
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164 "type" : "chat"
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165 }
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166 ```
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167
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168 ### Replying
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169
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170 To accept the stanza without returning a reply, respond with HTTP status
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171 code `202` or `204`.
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172
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173 HTTP status codes in the `4xx` and `5xx` range are mapped to an
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174 appropriate stanza error.
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175
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176 For full control over the response, set the `Content-Type` header to
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177 `application/xmpp+xml` and return an XMPP stanza as an XML snippet.
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178
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179 ``` {.xml}
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180 HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
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181 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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182
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183 <message type="chat">
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184 <body>Yes, this is bot</body>
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185 </message>
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186 ```
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187
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188 ## Payload format
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189
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190 ### JSON
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191
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192 ``` {.json}
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193 {
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194 "body" : "Hello!",
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195 "kind" : "message",
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196 "type" : "chat"
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197 }
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198 ```
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199
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200 Further JSON object keys as follows:
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201
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202 #### Messages
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203
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204 `kind`
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205 : `"message"`
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206
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207 `type`
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208 : Commonly `"chat"` for 1-to-1 messages and `"groupchat"` for group
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209 chat messages. Others include `"normal"`, `"headline"` and
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210 `"error"`.
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211
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212 `body`
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213 : Human-readable message text.
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214
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215 `subject`
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216 : Message subject or MUC topic.
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217
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218 `html`
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219 : HTML.
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220
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221 `oob_url`
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222 : URL of an out-of-band resource, often used for images.
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223
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224 #### Presence
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225
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226 `kind`
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227 : `"presence"`
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228
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229 `type`
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230 : Empty for online or `"unavailable"` for offline.
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231
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232 `show`
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233 : [Online
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234 status](https://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6121.html#presence-syntax-children-show),
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235 `away`, `dnd` etc.
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236
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237 `status`
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238 : Human-readable status message.
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239
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240 `join`
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241 : Boolean. Join a group chat.
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242
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243 #### Info-Queries
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244
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245 Only one type of payload can be included in an `iq`.
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246
3827
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247 `kind`
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248 : `"iq"`
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249
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250 `type`
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251 : `"get"` or `"set"` for queries, `"response"` or `"error"` for
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252 replies.
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253
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254 `ping`
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255 : Send a ping. Get a pong. Maybe.
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256
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257 `disco`
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258 : Retrieve service discovery information about an entity.
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259
3828
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260 `items`
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261 : Discover list of items (other services, groupchats etc).
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262
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263 ### XML
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264
3800
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265 ``` {.xml}
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266 <message type="" id="" to="" from="" xml:lang="">
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267 ...
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268 </message>
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269 ```
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270
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271 An XML declaration (`<?xml?>`) **MUST NOT** be included.
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272
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273 The payload MUST contain one (1) `message`, `presence` or `iq` stanza.
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274
3801
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275 The stanzas MUST NOT have an `xmlns` attribute, and the default/empty
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276 namespace is treated as `jabber:client`.
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277
3808
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278 # Examples
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279
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280 ## Python / Flask
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281
3820
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282 Simple echo bot that responds to messages as XML:
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283
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284 ``` {.python}
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285 from flask import Flask, Response, request
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286 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
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287
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288 app = Flask("echobot")
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289
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290
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291 @app.before_request
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292 def parse():
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293 request.stanza = ET.fromstring(request.data)
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294
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295
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296 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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297 def hello():
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298 if request.stanza.tag == "message":
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299 return Response(
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300 "<message><body>Yes this is bot</body></message>",
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301 content_type="application/xmpp+xml",
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302 )
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303
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304 return Response(status=501)
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305
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306
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307 if __name__ == "__main__":
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308 app.run()
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309 ```
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310
3820
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311 And a JSON variant:
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312
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313 ``` {.python}
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314 from flask import Flask, Response, request, jsonify
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315
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316 app = Flask("echobot")
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317
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318
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319 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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320 def hello():
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321 print(request.data)
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322 if request.is_json:
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323 data = request.get_json()
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324 if data["kind"] == "message":
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325 return jsonify({"body": "hello"})
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326
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327 return Response(status=501)
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328
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329
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330 if __name__ == "__main__":
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331 app.run()
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332 ```
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333
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334 Remember to set `rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"` for
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335 this to work.
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336
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337 # JSON mapping
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338
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339 This section describes the JSON mapping. It can't represent any possible
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340 stanza, for full flexibility use the XML mode.
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341
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342 ## Stanza basics
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343
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344 `kind`
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345 : String representing the kind of stanza, one of `"message"`,
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346 `"presence"` or `"iq"`.
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347
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348 `type`
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349 : String with the type of stanza, appropriate values vary depending on
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350 `kind`, see [RFC 6121]. E.g.`"chat"` for *message* stanzas etc.
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351
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352 `to`
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353 : String containing the XMPP Address of the destination / recipient of
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354 the stanza.
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355
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356 `from`
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357 : String containing the XMPP Address of the sender the stanza.
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358
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359 `id`
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360 : String with a reasonably unique identifier for the stanza.
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361
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362 ## Basic Payloads
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363
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364 ### Messages
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365
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366 `body`
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367 : String, human readable text message.
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368
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369 `subject`
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370 : String, human readable summary equivalent to an email subject or the
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371 chat room topic in a `type:groupchat` message.
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372
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373 ### Presence
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374
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375 `show`
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376 : String representing availability, e.g. `"away"`, `"dnd"`. No value
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377 means a normal online status. See [RFC 6121] for the full list.
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378
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379 `status`
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380 : String with a human readable text message describing availability.
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381
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382 ## More payloads
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383
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384 ### Messages
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385
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386 `state`
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387 : String with current chat state, e.g. `"active"` (default) and
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388 `"composing"` (typing).
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389
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390 `html`
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391 : String with HTML allowing rich formatting. **MUST** be contained in a
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392 `<body>` element.
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393
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394 `oob_url`
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395 : String with an URL of an external resource.
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396
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397 ### Presence
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398
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399 `join`
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400 : Boolean, used to join group chats.
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401
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402 ### IQ
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403
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404 `ping`
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405 : Boolean, a simple ping query. "Pongs" have only basic fields
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406 presents.
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407
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408 `version`
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409 : Map with `name`, `version` fields, and optionally an `os` field, to
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410 describe the software.
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411
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412 #### Service Discovery
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413
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414 `disco`
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415
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416 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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417 query.
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418
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419 Responses have a map containing an array of available features in
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420 the `features` key and an array of "identities" in the `identities`
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421 key. Each identity has a `category` and `type` field as well as an
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422 optional `name` field. See [XEP-0030] for further details.
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423
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424 `items`
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425 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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426 items list query. The response contain an array of items like
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427 `{"jid":"xmpp.address.here","name":"Description of item"}`.
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428
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429 `extensions`
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430 : Map of extended feature discovery (see [XEP-0128]) data with
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431 `FORM_DATA` fields as the keys pointing at maps with the rest of the
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432 data.
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433
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434 #### Ad-Hoc Commands
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435
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436 Used to execute arbitrary commands on supporting entities.
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437
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438 `command`
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439
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440 : String representing the command `node` or Map with the following
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441 possible fields:
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442
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443 `node`
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444 : Required string with node from disco\#items query for the
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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445 command to execute.
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446
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447 `action`
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448 : Optional enum string defaulting to `"execute"`. Multi-step
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449 commands may involve `"next"`, `"prev"`, `"complete"` or
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450 `"cancel"`.
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451
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452 `actions`
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453 : Set (map of strings to `true`) with available actions to proceed
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454 with in multi-step commands.
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455
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456 `status`
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457 : String describing the status of the command, normally
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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458 `"executing"`.
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459
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460 `sessionid`
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461 : Random session ID issued by the responder to identify the
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462 session in multi-step commands.
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463
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464 `note`
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465 : Map with `"type"` and `"text"` fields that carry simple result
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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466 information.
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467
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468 `form`
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469 : Data form with description of expected input and data types in
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470 the next step of multi-step commands. **TODO** document format.
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471
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472 `data`
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473 : Map with only the data for result dataforms. Fields may be
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474 strings or arrays of strings.
3890
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475
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476 ##### Example
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477
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478 Discovering commands:
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479
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480 ``` {.json}
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481 {
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482 "items" : {
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483 "node" : "http://jabber.org/protocol/commands"
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484 },
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485 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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486 "kind" : "iq",
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487 "to" : "example.com",
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488 "type" : "get"
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489 }
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490 ```
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491
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492 Response:
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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493
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494 ``` {.json}
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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495 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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496 "from" : "example.com",
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497 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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498 "items" : [
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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499 {
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500 "jid" : "example.com",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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501 "name" : "Get uptime",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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502 "node" : "uptime"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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503 }
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504 ],
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505 "kind" : "iq",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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506 "type" : "result"
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507 }
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508 ```
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Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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509
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510 Execute the command:
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511
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512 ``` {.json}
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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513 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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514 "command" : {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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515 "node" : "uptime"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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516 },
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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517 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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518 "kind" : "iq",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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519 "to" : "example.com",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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520 "type" : "set"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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parents: 3857
diff changeset
521 }
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
522 ```
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
523
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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524 Executed:
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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diff changeset
525
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Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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526 ``` {.json}
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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527 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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528 "command" : {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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529 "node" : "uptime",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 3857
diff changeset
530 "note" : {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 3857
diff changeset
531 "text" : "This server has been running for 0 days, 20 hours and 54 minutes (since Fri Feb 7 18:05:30 2020)",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
532 "type" : "info"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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533 },
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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534 "sessionid" : "6380880a-93e9-4f13-8ee2-171927a40e67",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
535 "status" : "completed"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
536 },
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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537 "from" : "example.com",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
538 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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parents: 3857
diff changeset
539 "kind" : "iq",
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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parents: 3857
diff changeset
540 "type" : "result"
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 3857
diff changeset
541 }
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 3857
diff changeset
542 ```
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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diff changeset
543
4275
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544 # TODO
bb111148d031 mod_rest: Expand TODO
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
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545
bb111148d031 mod_rest: Expand TODO
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 4168
diff changeset
546 - Describe multi-step commands with dataforms.
bb111148d031 mod_rest: Expand TODO
Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 4168
diff changeset
547 - Versioned API, i.e. /v1/stanzas
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Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
parents: 4168
diff changeset
548 - Bind resource to webhook/callback
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diff changeset
549
3794
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parents:
diff changeset
550 # Compatibility
4b258329e6e4 mod_rest: Initial commit of another RESTful API module
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parents:
diff changeset
551
4b258329e6e4 mod_rest: Initial commit of another RESTful API module
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552 Requires Prosody trunk / 0.12