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mod_rest/README.markdown

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mod_rest/README.markdown @ 4309:e8b9228b5265

mod_rest: Optimize stanza to JSON mapping From O(#field_mappings ^ #s.tags) to O(#s.tags) Haven't actually benchmarked...
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Wed, 16 Dec 2020 22:07:09 +0100
parent 4275:bb111148d031
child 4477:8df6cc648963
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: RESTful XMPP API
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5 rockspec:
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6 build:
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7 modules:
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8 mod_rest.jsonmap: jsonmap.lib.lua
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9 copy_directories:
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10 - example
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11 ---
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12
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13 # Introduction
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14
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15 This is yet another RESTful API for sending and receiving stanzas via
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16 Prosody. It can be used to build bots and components implemented as HTTP
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17 services.
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18
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19 # Usage
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20
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21 ## On VirtualHosts
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22
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23 ```lua
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24 VirtualHost "example.com"
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25 modules_enabled = {"rest"}
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26 ```
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27
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28 ## As a Component
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29
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30 ``` {.lua}
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31 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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32 component_secret = "dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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33 modules_enabled = {"http_oauth2"}
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34 ```
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35
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36 ## OAuth2
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37
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38 [mod_http_oauth2] can be used to grant bearer tokens which are
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39 accepted by mod_rest.
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40
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41 ## Sending stanzas
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42
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43 The API endpoint becomes available at the path `/rest`, so the full URL
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44 will be something like `https://your-prosody.example:5281/rest`.
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45
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46 To try it, simply `curl` an XML stanza payload:
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47
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48 ``` {.sh}
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49 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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50 --user username \
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51 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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52 --data-binary '<message type="chat" to="user@example.org">
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53 <body>Hello!</body>
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54 </body>'
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55 ```
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56
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57 or a JSON payload:
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58
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59 ``` {.sh}
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60 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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61 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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62 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
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63 --data-binary '{
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64 "body" : "Hello!",
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65 "kind" : "message",
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66 "to" : "user@example.org",
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67 "type" : "chat"
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68 }'
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69 ```
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70
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71 The `Content-Type` header is important!
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72
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73 ### Replies
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74
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75 A POST containing an `<iq>` stanza automatically wait for the reply,
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76 long-polling style.
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77
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78 ``` {.sh}
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79 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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80 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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81 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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82 --data-binary '<iq type="get" to="example.net">
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83 <ping xmlns="urn:xmpp:ping"/>
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84 </iq>'
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85 ```
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86
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87 Replies to other kinds of stanzas that are generated by the same Prosody
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88 instance *MAY* be returned in the HTTP response. Replies from other
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89 entities (connected clients or remote servers) will not be returned, but
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90 can be forwarded via the callback API described in the next section.
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91
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92 ## Receiving stanzas
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93
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94 TL;DR: Set this webhook callback URL, get XML `POST`-ed there.
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95
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96 ``` {.lua}
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97 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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98 rest_callback_url = "http://my-api.example:9999/stanzas"
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99 ```
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100
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101 To enable JSON payloads set
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102
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103 ``` {.lua}
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104 rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"
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105 ```
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106
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107 Example callback looks like:
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108
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109 ``` {.xml}
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110 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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111 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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112 Content-Length: 102
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113
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114 <message to="bot@rest.example.net" from="user@example.com" type="chat">
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115 <body>Hello</body>
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116 </message>
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117 ```
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118
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119 or as JSON:
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120
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121 ``` {.json}
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122 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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123 Content-Type: application/json
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124 Content-Length: 133
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125
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126 {
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127 "body" : "Hello",
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128 "from" : "user@example.com",
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129 "kind" : "message",
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130 "to" : "bot@rest.example.net",
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131 "type" : "chat"
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132 }
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133 ```
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134
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135 ### Replying
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136
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137 To accept the stanza without returning a reply, respond with HTTP status
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138 code `202` or `204`.
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139
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140 HTTP status codes in the `4xx` and `5xx` range are mapped to an
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141 appropriate stanza error.
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142
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143 For full control over the response, set the `Content-Type` header to
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144 `application/xmpp+xml` and return an XMPP stanza as an XML snippet.
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145
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146 ``` {.xml}
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147 HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
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148 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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149
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150 <message type="chat">
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151 <body>Yes, this is bot</body>
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152 </message>
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153 ```
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154
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155 ## Payload format
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156
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157 ### JSON
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158
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159 ``` {.json}
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160 {
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161 "body" : "Hello!",
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162 "kind" : "message",
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163 "type" : "chat"
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164 }
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165 ```
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166
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167 Further JSON object keys as follows:
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168
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169 #### Messages
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170
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171 `kind`
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172 : `"message"`
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173
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174 `type`
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175 : Commonly `"chat"` for 1-to-1 messages and `"groupchat"` for group
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176 chat messages. Others include `"normal"`, `"headline"` and
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177 `"error"`.
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178
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179 `body`
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180 : Human-readable message text.
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181
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182 `subject`
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183 : Message subject or MUC topic.
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184
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185 `html`
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186 : HTML.
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187
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188 `oob_url`
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189 : URL of an out-of-band resource, often used for images.
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190
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191 #### Presence
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192
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193 `kind`
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194 : `"presence"`
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195
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196 `type`
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197 : Empty for online or `"unavailable"` for offline.
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198
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199 `show`
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200 : [Online
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201 status](https://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6121.html#presence-syntax-children-show),
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202 `away`, `dnd` etc.
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203
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204 `status`
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205 : Human-readable status message.
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206
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207 `join`
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208 : Boolean. Join a group chat.
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209
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210 #### Info-Queries
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211
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212 Only one type of payload can be included in an `iq`.
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213
3827
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214 `kind`
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215 : `"iq"`
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216
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217 `type`
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218 : `"get"` or `"set"` for queries, `"response"` or `"error"` for
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219 replies.
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220
3826
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221 `ping`
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222 : Send a ping. Get a pong. Maybe.
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223
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224 `disco`
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225 : Retrieve service discovery information about an entity.
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226
3828
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227 `items`
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228 : Discover list of items (other services, groupchats etc).
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229
3813
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230 ### XML
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231
3800
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232 ``` {.xml}
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233 <message type="" id="" to="" from="" xml:lang="">
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234 ...
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235 </message>
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236 ```
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237
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238 An XML declaration (`<?xml?>`) **MUST NOT** be included.
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239
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240 The payload MUST contain one (1) `message`, `presence` or `iq` stanza.
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241
3801
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242 The stanzas MUST NOT have an `xmlns` attribute, and the default/empty
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243 namespace is treated as `jabber:client`.
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244
3808
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245 # Examples
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246
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247 ## Python / Flask
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248
3820
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249 Simple echo bot that responds to messages as XML:
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250
3813
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251 ``` {.python}
3808
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252 from flask import Flask, Response, request
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253 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
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254
3809
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255 app = Flask("echobot")
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256
3808
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257
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diff changeset
258 @app.before_request
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259 def parse():
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260 request.stanza = ET.fromstring(request.data)
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261
3809
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262
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263 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
3808
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264 def hello():
3809
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265 if request.stanza.tag == "message":
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266 return Response(
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267 "<message><body>Yes this is bot</body></message>",
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268 content_type="application/xmpp+xml",
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269 )
3808
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270
3809
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271 return Response(status=501)
3808
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272
3809
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273
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274 if __name__ == "__main__":
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275 app.run()
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276 ```
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277
3820
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278 And a JSON variant:
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279
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280 ``` {.python}
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281 from flask import Flask, Response, request, jsonify
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282
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283 app = Flask("echobot")
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284
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285
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286 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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287 def hello():
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288 print(request.data)
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289 if request.is_json:
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290 data = request.get_json()
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291 if data["kind"] == "message":
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292 return jsonify({"body": "hello"})
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293
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294 return Response(status=501)
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295
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296
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297 if __name__ == "__main__":
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298 app.run()
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299 ```
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300
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301 Remember to set `rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"` for
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302 this to work.
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303
3857
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304 # JSON mapping
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305
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306 This section describes the JSON mapping. It can't represent any possible
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307 stanza, for full flexibility use the XML mode.
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308
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309 ## Stanza basics
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310
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311 `kind`
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312 : String representing the kind of stanza, one of `"message"`,
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313 `"presence"` or `"iq"`.
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314
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315 `type`
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316 : String with the type of stanza, appropriate values vary depending on
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317 `kind`, see [RFC 6121]. E.g.`"chat"` for *message* stanzas etc.
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318
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319 `to`
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320 : String containing the XMPP Address of the destination / recipient of
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321 the stanza.
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322
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323 `from`
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324 : String containing the XMPP Address of the sender the stanza.
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325
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326 `id`
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327 : String with a reasonably unique identifier for the stanza.
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328
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329 ## Basic Payloads
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330
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331 ### Messages
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332
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333 `body`
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334 : String, human readable text message.
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335
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336 `subject`
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337 : String, human readable summary equivalent to an email subject or the
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338 chat room topic in a `type:groupchat` message.
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339
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340 ### Presence
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341
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342 `show`
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343 : String representing availability, e.g. `"away"`, `"dnd"`. No value
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344 means a normal online status. See [RFC 6121] for the full list.
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345
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346 `status`
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347 : String with a human readable text message describing availability.
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348
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349 ## More payloads
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350
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351 ### Messages
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352
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353 `state`
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354 : String with current chat state, e.g. `"active"` (default) and
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355 `"composing"` (typing).
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356
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357 `html`
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358 : String with HTML allowing rich formating. **MUST** be contained in a
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359 `<body>` element.
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360
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361 `oob_url`
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362 : String with an URL of an external resource.
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363
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364 ### Presence
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365
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366 `join`
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367 : Boolean, used to join group chats.
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368
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369 ### IQ
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370
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371 `ping`
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372 : Boolean, a simple ping query. "Pongs" have only basic fields
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373 presents.
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374
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375 `version`
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376 : Map with `name`, `version` fields, and optionally an `os` field, to
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377 describe the software.
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378
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379 #### Service Discovery
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380
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381 `disco`
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382
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383 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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384 query.
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385
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386 Responses have a map containing an array of available features in
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387 the `features` key and an array of "identities" in the `identities`
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388 key. Each identity has a `category` and `type` field as well as an
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389 optional `name` field. See [XEP-0030] for further details.
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390
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391 `items`
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392 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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393 items list query. The response contain an array of items like
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394 `{"jid":"xmpp.address.here","name":"Description of item"}`.
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395
3953
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396 `extensions`
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397 : Map of extended feature discovery (see [XEP-0128]) data with
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398 `FORM_DATA` fields as the keys pointing at maps with the rest of the
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399 data.
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400
3890
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401 #### Ad-Hoc Commands
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402
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403 Used to execute arbitrary commands on supporting entities.
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404
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405 `command`
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406
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407 : String representing the command `node` or Map with the following
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408 possible fields:
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409
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410 `node`
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411 : Required string with node from disco\#items query for the
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412 command to execute.
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413
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414 `action`
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415 : Optional enum string defaulting to `"execute"`. Multi-step
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416 commands may involve `"next"`, `"prev"`, `"complete"` or
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417 `"cancel"`.
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418
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419 `actions`
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420 : Set (map of strings to `true`) with available actions to proceed
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421 with in multi-step commands.
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422
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423 `status`
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424 : String describing the status of the command, normally
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425 `"executing"`.
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426
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427 `sessionid`
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428 : Random session ID issued by the responder to identify the
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429 session in multi-step commands.
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430
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431 `note`
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432 : Map with `"type"` and `"text"` fields that carry simple result
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433 information.
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434
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435 `form`
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436 : Data form with description of expected input and data types in
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437 the next step of multi-step commands. **TODO** document format.
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438
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439 `data`
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440 : Map with only the data for result dataforms. Fields may be
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441 stings or arrays of strings.
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442
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443 ##### Example
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444
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445 Discovering commands:
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446
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447 ``` {.json}
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448 {
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449 "items" : {
3890
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450 "node" : "http://jabber.org/protocol/commands"
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451 },
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452 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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453 "kind" : "iq",
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454 "to" : "example.com",
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455 "type" : "get"
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456 }
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457 ```
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458
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459 Response:
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460
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461 ``` {.json}
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462 {
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463 "from" : "example.com",
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464 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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465 "items" : [
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466 {
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467 "jid" : "example.com",
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468 "name" : "Get uptime",
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469 "node" : "uptime"
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470 }
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471 ],
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472 "kind" : "iq",
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473 "type" : "result"
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474 }
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475 ```
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476
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477 Execute the command:
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478
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479 ``` {.json}
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480 {
117a979ef930 mod_rest/README: Describe Ad-Hoc command mapping
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481 "command" : {
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482 "node" : "uptime"
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483 },
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484 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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485 "kind" : "iq",
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486 "to" : "example.com",
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487 "type" : "set"
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488 }
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489 ```
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490
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491 Executed:
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492
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493 ``` {.json}
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494 {
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495 "command" : {
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496 "node" : "uptime",
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497 "note" : {
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498 "text" : "This server has been running for 0 days, 20 hours and 54 minutes (since Fri Feb 7 18:05:30 2020)",
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499 "type" : "info"
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500 },
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501 "sessionid" : "6380880a-93e9-4f13-8ee2-171927a40e67",
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502 "status" : "completed"
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503 },
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504 "from" : "example.com",
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505 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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506 "kind" : "iq",
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507 "type" : "result"
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508 }
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509 ```
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510
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511 # TODO
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512
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513 - Describe multi-step commands with dataforms.
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514 - Versioned API, i.e. /v1/stanzas
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515 - Bind resource to webhook/callback
3890
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516
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517 # Compatibility
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518
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519 Requires Prosody trunk / 0.12