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mod_rest/README: Describe use on VirtualHosts
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Mon, 20 Jul 2020 21:54:52 +0200
parent 3953:2c6d5734ae04
child 4068:504a0cd5f883
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: RESTful XMPP API
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5 ---
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6
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7 # Introduction
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8
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9 This is yet another RESTful API for sending and receiving stanzas via
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10 Prosody. It can be used to build bots and components implemented as HTTP
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11 services.
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12
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13 # Usage
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14
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15 ## On VirtualHosts
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16
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17 ```lua
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18 VirtualHost "example.com"
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19 modules_enabled = {"rest"}
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20 ```
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21
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22 ## As a Component
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23
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24 ``` {.lua}
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25 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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26 rest_credentials = "Bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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27 ```
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28
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29 ## Sending stanzas
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30
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31 The API endpoint becomes available at the path `/rest`, so the full URL
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32 will be something like `https://your-prosody.example:5281/rest`.
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33
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34 To try it, simply `curl` an XML stanza payload:
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35
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36 ``` {.sh}
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37 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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38 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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39 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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40 --data-binary '<message type="chat" to="user@example.org">
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41 <body>Hello!</body>
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42 </body>'
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43 ```
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44
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45 or a JSON payload:
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46
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47 ``` {.sh}
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48 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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49 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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50 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
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51 --data-binary '{
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52 "body" : "Hello!",
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53 "kind" : "message",
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54 "to" : "user@example.org",
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55 "type" : "chat"
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56 }'
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57 ```
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58
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59 The `Content-Type` header is important!
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60
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61 ### Replies
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62
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63 A POST containing an `<iq>` stanza automatically wait for the reply,
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64 long-polling style.
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65
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66 ``` {.sh}
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67 curl https://prosody.example:5281/rest \
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68 --oauth2-bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K \
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69 -H 'Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml' \
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70 --data-binary '<iq type="get" to="example.net">
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71 <ping xmlns="urn:xmpp:ping"/>
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72 </iq>'
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73 ```
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74
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75 Replies to other kinds of stanzas that are generated by the same Prosody
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76 instance *MAY* be returned in the HTTP response. Replies from other
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77 entities (connected clients or remote servers) will not be returned, but
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78 can be forwarded via the callback API described in the next section.
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79
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80 ## Receiving stanzas
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81
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82 TL;DR: Set this webhook callback URL, get XML `POST`-ed there.
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83
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84 ``` {.lua}
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85 Component "rest.example.net" "rest"
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86 rest_credentials = "Bearer dmVyeSBzZWNyZXQgdG9rZW4K"
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87 rest_callback_url = "http://my-api.example:9999/stanzas"
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88 ```
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89
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90 To enable JSON payloads set
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91
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92 ``` {.lua}
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93 rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"
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94 ```
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95
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96 Example callback looks like:
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97
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98 ``` {.xml}
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99 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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100 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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101 Content-Length: 102
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102
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103 <message to="bot@rest.example.net" from="user@example.com" type="chat">
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104 <body>Hello</body>
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105 </message>
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106 ```
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107
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108 or as JSON:
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109
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110 ``` {.json}
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111 POST /stanzas HTTP/1.1
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112 Content-Type: application/json
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113 Content-Length: 133
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114
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115 {
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116 "body" : "Hello",
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117 "from" : "user@example.com",
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118 "kind" : "message",
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119 "to" : "bot@rest.example.net",
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120 "type" : "chat"
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121 }
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122 ```
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123
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124 ### Replying
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125
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126 To accept the stanza without returning a reply, respond with HTTP status
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127 code `202` or `204`.
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128
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129 HTTP status codes in the `4xx` and `5xx` range are mapped to an
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130 appropriate stanza error.
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131
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132 For full control over the response, set the `Content-Type` header to
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133 `application/xmpp+xml` and return an XMPP stanza as an XML snippet.
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134
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135 ``` {.xml}
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136 HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
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137 Content-Type: application/xmpp+xml
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138
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139 <message type="chat">
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140 <body>Yes, this is bot</body>
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141 </message>
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142 ```
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143
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144 ## Payload format
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145
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146 ### JSON
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147
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148 ``` {.json}
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149 {
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150 "body" : "Hello!",
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151 "kind" : "message",
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152 "type" : "chat"
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153 }
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154 ```
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155
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156 Further JSON object keys as follows:
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157
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158 #### Messages
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159
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160 `kind`
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161 : `"message"`
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162
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163 `type`
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164 : Commonly `"chat"` for 1-to-1 messages and `"groupchat"` for group
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165 chat messages. Others include `"normal"`, `"headline"` and
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166 `"error"`.
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167
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168 `body`
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169 : Human-readable message text.
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170
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171 `subject`
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172 : Message subject or MUC topic.
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173
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174 `html`
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175 : HTML.
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176
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177 `oob_url`
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178 : URL of an out-of-band resource, often used for images.
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179
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180 #### Presence
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181
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182 `kind`
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183 : `"presence"`
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184
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185 `type`
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186 : Empty for online or `"unavailable"` for offline.
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187
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188 `show`
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189 : [Online
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190 status](https://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6121.html#presence-syntax-children-show),
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191 `away`, `dnd` etc.
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192
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193 `status`
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194 : Human-readable status message.
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195
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196 `join`
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197 : Boolean. Join a group chat.
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198
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199 #### Info-Queries
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200
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201 Only one type of payload can be included in an `iq`.
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202
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203 `kind`
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204 : `"iq"`
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205
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206 `type`
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207 : `"get"` or `"set"` for queries, `"response"` or `"error"` for
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208 replies.
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209
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210 `ping`
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211 : Send a ping. Get a pong. Maybe.
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212
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213 `disco`
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214 : Retrieve service discovery information about an entity.
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215
3828
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216 `items`
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217 : Discover list of items (other services, groupchats etc).
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218
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219 ### XML
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220
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221 ``` {.xml}
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222 <message type="" id="" to="" from="" xml:lang="">
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223 ...
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224 </message>
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225 ```
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226
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227 An XML declaration (`<?xml?>`) **MUST NOT** be included.
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228
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229 The payload MUST contain one (1) `message`, `presence` or `iq` stanza.
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230
3801
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231 The stanzas MUST NOT have an `xmlns` attribute, and the default/empty
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232 namespace is treated as `jabber:client`.
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233
3808
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234 # Examples
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235
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236 ## Python / Flask
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237
3820
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238 Simple echo bot that responds to messages as XML:
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239
3813
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240 ``` {.python}
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241 from flask import Flask, Response, request
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242 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
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243
3809
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244 app = Flask("echobot")
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245
3808
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246
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247 @app.before_request
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248 def parse():
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249 request.stanza = ET.fromstring(request.data)
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250
3809
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251
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252 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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253 def hello():
3809
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254 if request.stanza.tag == "message":
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255 return Response(
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256 "<message><body>Yes this is bot</body></message>",
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257 content_type="application/xmpp+xml",
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258 )
3808
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259
3809
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260 return Response(status=501)
3808
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261
3809
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262
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263 if __name__ == "__main__":
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264 app.run()
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265 ```
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266
3820
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267 And a JSON variant:
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268
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269 ``` {.python}
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270 from flask import Flask, Response, request, jsonify
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271
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272 app = Flask("echobot")
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273
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274
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275 @app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
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276 def hello():
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277 print(request.data)
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278 if request.is_json:
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279 data = request.get_json()
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280 if data["kind"] == "message":
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281 return jsonify({"body": "hello"})
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282
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283 return Response(status=501)
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284
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285
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286 if __name__ == "__main__":
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287 app.run()
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288 ```
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289
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290 Remember to set `rest_callback_content_type = "application/json"` for
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291 this to work.
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292
3857
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293 # JSON mapping
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294
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295 This section describes the JSON mapping. It can't represent any possible
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296 stanza, for full flexibility use the XML mode.
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297
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298 ## Stanza basics
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299
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300 `kind`
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301 : String representing the kind of stanza, one of `"message"`,
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302 `"presence"` or `"iq"`.
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303
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304 `type`
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305 : String with the type of stanza, appropriate values vary depending on
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306 `kind`, see [RFC 6121]. E.g.`"chat"` for *message* stanzas etc.
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307
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308 `to`
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309 : String containing the XMPP Address of the destination / recipient of
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310 the stanza.
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311
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312 `from`
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313 : String containing the XMPP Address of the sender the stanza.
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314
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315 `id`
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316 : String with a reasonably unique identifier for the stanza.
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317
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318 ## Basic Payloads
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319
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320 ### Messages
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321
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322 `body`
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323 : String, human readable text message.
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324
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325 `subject`
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326 : String, human readable summary equivalent to an email subject or the
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327 chat room topic in a `type:groupchat` message.
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328
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329 ### Presence
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330
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331 `show`
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332 : String representing availability, e.g. `"away"`, `"dnd"`. No value
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333 means a normal online status. See [RFC 6121] for the full list.
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334
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335 `status`
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336 : String with a human readable text message describing availability.
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337
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338 ## More payloads
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339
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340 ### Messages
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341
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342 `state`
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343 : String with current chat state, e.g. `"active"` (default) and
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344 `"composing"` (typing).
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345
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346 `html`
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347 : String with HTML allowing rich formating. **MUST** be contained in a
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348 `<body>` element.
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349
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350 `oob_url`
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351 : String with an URL of an external resource.
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352
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353 ### Presence
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354
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355 `join`
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356 : Boolean, used to join group chats.
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357
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358 ### IQ
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359
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360 `ping`
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361 : Boolean, a simple ping query. "Pongs" have only basic fields
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362 presents.
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363
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364 `version`
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365 : Map with `name`, `version` fields, and optionally an `os` field, to
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366 describe the software.
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367
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368 #### Service Discovery
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369
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370 `disco`
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371
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372 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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373 query.
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374
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375 Responses have a map containing an array of available features in
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376 the `features` key and an array of "identities" in the `identities`
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377 key. Each identity has a `category` and `type` field as well as an
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378 optional `name` field. See [XEP-0030] for further details.
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379
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380 `items`
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381 : Boolean `true` in a `kind:iq` `type:get` for a service discovery
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382 items list query. The response contain an array of items like
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383 `{"jid":"xmpp.address.here","name":"Description of item"}`.
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384
3953
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385 `extensions`
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386 : Map of extended feature discovery (see [XEP-0128]) data with
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387 `FORM_DATA` fields as the keys pointing at maps with the rest of the
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388 data.
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389
3890
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390 #### Ad-Hoc Commands
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391
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392 Used to execute arbitrary commands on supporting entities.
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393
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394 `command`
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395
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396 : String representing the command `node` or Map with the following
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397 possible fields:
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398
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399 `node`
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400 : Required string with node from disco\#items query for the
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401 command to execute.
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402
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403 `action`
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404 : Optional enum string defaulting to `"execute"`. Multi-step
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405 commands may involve `"next"`, `"prev"`, `"complete"` or
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406 `"cancel"`.
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407
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408 `actions`
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409 : Set (map of strings to `true`) with available actions to proceed
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410 with in multi-step commands.
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411
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412 `status`
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413 : String describing the status of the command, normally
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414 `"executing"`.
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415
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416 `sessionid`
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417 : Random session ID issued by the responder to identify the
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418 session in multi-step commands.
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419
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420 `note`
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421 : Map with `"type"` and `"text"` fields that carry simple result
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422 information.
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423
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424 `form`
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425 : Data form with description of expected input and data types in
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426 the next step of multi-step commands. **TODO** document format.
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427
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428 `data`
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429 : Map with only the data for result dataforms. Fields may be
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430 stings or arrays of strings.
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431
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432 ##### Example
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433
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434 Discovering commands:
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435
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436 ``` {.json}
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437 {
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438 "items" : {
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439 "node" : "http://jabber.org/protocol/commands"
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440 },
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441 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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442 "kind" : "iq",
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443 "to" : "example.com",
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444 "type" : "get"
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445 }
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446 ```
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447
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448 Response:
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449
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450 ``` {.json}
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451 {
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452 "from" : "example.com",
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453 "id" : "8iN9hwdAAcfTBchm",
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454 "items" : [
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455 {
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456 "jid" : "example.com",
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457 "name" : "Get uptime",
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458 "node" : "uptime"
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459 }
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460 ],
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461 "kind" : "iq",
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462 "type" : "result"
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463 }
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464 ```
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465
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466 Execute the command:
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467
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468 ``` {.json}
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469 {
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470 "command" : {
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471 "node" : "uptime"
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472 },
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473 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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474 "kind" : "iq",
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475 "to" : "example.com",
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476 "type" : "set"
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477 }
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478 ```
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479
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480 Executed:
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481
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482 ``` {.json}
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483 {
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484 "command" : {
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485 "node" : "uptime",
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486 "note" : {
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487 "text" : "This server has been running for 0 days, 20 hours and 54 minutes (since Fri Feb 7 18:05:30 2020)",
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488 "type" : "info"
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489 },
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490 "sessionid" : "6380880a-93e9-4f13-8ee2-171927a40e67",
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491 "status" : "completed"
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492 },
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493 "from" : "example.com",
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494 "id" : "Jv-87nRaP6Mnrp8l",
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495 "kind" : "iq",
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496 "type" : "result"
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497 }
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498 ```
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499
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500 - **TODO** Describe multi-step commands with dataforms.
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501
3794
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502 # Compatibility
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503
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504 Requires Prosody trunk / 0.12