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mod_firewall/README.markdown @ 2388:b6d59998dba7
mod_firewall: README: Document dynamic '$local' zone
| author | Matthew Wild <mwild1@gmail.com> |
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| date | Sat, 19 Nov 2016 16:00:03 +0000 |
| parent | 2387:5bfb2ccab2ab |
| child | 2389:a753b21968c5 |
| rev | line source |
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1 --- |
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2 labels: |
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha' |
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4 summary: 'A rule-based stanza filtering module' |
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5 ... |
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6 |
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7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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9 **Note:** mod\_firewall is in its very early stages. This documentation |
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10 is liable to change, and some described functionality may be missing, |
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11 incomplete or contain bugs. |
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13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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15 Introduction |
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16 ============ |
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18 A firewall is an invaluable tool in the sysadmin's toolbox. However |
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19 while low-level firewalls such as iptables and pf are incredibly good at |
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20 what they do, they are generally not able to handle application-layer |
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21 rules. |
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23 The goal of mod\_firewall is to provide similar services at the XMPP |
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24 layer. Based on rule scripts it can efficiently block, bounce, drop, |
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25 forward, copy, redirect stanzas and more! Furthermore all rules can be |
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26 applied and updated dynamically at runtime without restarting the |
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27 server. |
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29 Details |
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30 ======= |
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32 mod\_firewall loads one or more scripts, and compiles these to Lua code |
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33 that reacts to stanzas flowing through Prosody. The firewall script |
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34 syntax is unusual, but straightforward. |
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36 A firewall script is dominated by rules. Each rule has two parts: |
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37 conditions, and actions. When a stanza matches all of the conditions, |
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38 all of the actions are executed in order. |
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| 40 Here is a simple example to block stanzas from spammer@example.com: | |
| 41 | |
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42 FROM: spammer@example.com |
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43 DROP. |
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45 FROM is a condition, and DROP is an action. This is about as simple as |
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46 it gets. How about heading to the other extreme? Let's demonstrate |
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47 something more complex that mod\_firewall can do for you: |
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49 %ZONE myorganisation: staff.myorg.example, support.myorg.example |
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51 ENTERING: myorganisation |
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52 KIND: message |
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53 TIME: 12am-9am, 5pm-12am, Saturday, Sunday |
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54 REPLY=Sorry, I am afraid our office is closed at the moment. If you need assistance, please call our 24-hour support line on 123-456-789. |
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56 This rule will reply with a short message whenever someone tries to send |
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57 a message to someone at any of the hosts defined in the 'myorganisation' |
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58 outside of office hours. |
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60 Specifying rule sets |
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61 -------------------- |
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62 |
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63 Firewall rules should be written into text files, e.g. `ruleset.pfw` file. |
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64 One or more rule files can be specified in the configuration using: |
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65 |
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66 firewall_scripts = { "path/to/ruleset.pfw", "path/to/ruleset2.pfw" } |
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67 |
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68 If multiple files are specified and they both add rules to the same chains, |
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69 each file's rules will be processed in order, but the order of files is undefined. |
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71 Conditions |
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72 ---------- |
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73 |
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74 All conditions must come before any action in a rule block. The |
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75 condition name is followed by a colon (':'), and the value to test for. |
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77 A condition can be preceded or followed by `NOT` to negate its match. |
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78 For example: |
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80 NOT FROM: user@example.com |
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81 KIND NOT: message |
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83 ### Zones |
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85 A 'zone' is one or more hosts or JIDs. It is possible to match when a |
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86 stanza is entering or leaving a zone, while at the same time not |
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87 matching traffic passing between JIDs in the same zone. |
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89 Zones are defined at the top of a script with the following syntax (they |
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90 are not part of a rule block): |
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92 %ZONE myzone: host1, host2, user@host3, foo.bar.example |
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94 There is an automatic zone named `$local`, which automatically includes |
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95 all of the current server's active hosts (including components). It can |
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96 be used to match stanzas entering or leaving the current server. |
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97 |
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98 A host listed in a zone also matches all users on that host (but not |
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99 subdomains). |
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| 101 The following zone-matching conditions are supported: | |
| 102 | |
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103 Condition Matches |
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104 ------------ ------------------------------------------ |
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105 `ENTERING` When a stanza is entering the named zone |
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106 `LEAVING` When a stanza is leaving the named zone |
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108 ### Stanza matching |
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110 Condition Matches |
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111 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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112 `KIND` The kind of stanza. May be 'message', 'presence' or 'iq' |
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113 `TYPE` The type of stanza. This varies depending on the kind of stanza. See 'Stanza types' below for more information. |
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114 `PAYLOAD` The stanza contains a child with the given namespace. Useful for determining the type of an iq request, or whether a message contains a certain extension. |
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115 `INSPECT` The node at the specified path exists or matches a given string. This allows you to look anywhere inside a stanza. See below for examples and more. |
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116 |
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117 #### Stanza types |
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119 Stanza Valid types |
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120 ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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121 iq get, set, result, error |
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122 presence *available*, unavailable, probe, subscribe, subscribed, unsubscribe, unsubscribed, error |
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123 message normal, chat, groupchat, headline, error |
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125 **Note:** The type 'available' for presence does not actually appear in |
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126 the protocol. Available presence is signalled by the omission of a type. |
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127 Similarly, a message stanza with no type is equivalent to one of type |
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128 'normal'. mod\_firewall handles these cases for you automatically. |
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130 #### INSPECT |
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132 INSPECT takes a 'path' through the stanza to get a string (an attribute |
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133 value or text content). An example is the best way to explain. Let's |
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134 check that a user is not trying to register an account with the username |
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135 'admin'. This stanza comes from [XEP-0077: In-band |
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136 Registration](http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html#example-4): |
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138 ``` xml |
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139 <iq type='set' id='reg2'> |
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140 <query xmlns='jabber:iq:register'> |
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141 <username>bill</username> |
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142 <password>Calliope</password> |
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143 <email>bard@shakespeare.lit</email> |
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144 </query> |
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145 </iq> |
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146 ``` |
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148 KIND: iq |
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149 TYPE: set |
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150 PAYLOAD: jabber:iq:register |
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151 INSPECT: {jabber:iq:register}query/username#=admin |
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152 BOUNCE=not-allowed (The username 'admin' is reserved.) |
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153 |
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154 That weird string deserves some explanation. It is a path, divided into |
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155 segments by '/'. Each segment describes an element by its name, |
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156 optionally prefixed by its namespace in curly braces ('{...}'). If the |
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157 path ends with a '\#' then the text content of the last element will be |
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158 returned. If the path ends with '@name' then the value of the attribute |
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159 'name' will be returned. |
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161 You can use INSPECT to test for the existence of an element or attribute, |
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162 or you can see if it is equal to a string by appending `=STRING` (as in the |
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163 example above). Finally,you can also test whether it matches a given Lua |
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164 pattern by using `~=PATTERN`. |
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165 |
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166 INSPECT is somewhat slower than the other stanza matching conditions. To |
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167 minimise performance impact, always place it below other faster |
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168 condition checks where possible (e.g. above we first checked KIND, TYPE |
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169 and PAYLOAD matched before INSPECT). |
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171 ### Sender/recipient matching |
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173 Condition Matches |
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174 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------- |
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175 `FROM` The JID in the 'from' attribute matches the given JID |
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176 `TO` The JID in the 'to' attribute matches the given JID |
| 1782 | 177 |
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178 These conditions both accept wildcards in the JID when the wildcard |
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179 expression is enclosed in angle brackets ('\<...\>'). For example: |
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180 |
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181 # All users at example.com |
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182 FROM: <*>@example.com |
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184 # The user 'admin' on any subdomain of example.com |
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185 FROM: admin@<*.example.com> |
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186 |
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187 You can also use [Lua's pattern |
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188 matching](http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1) for more |
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189 powerful matching abilities. Patterns are a lightweight |
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190 regular-expression alternative. Simply contain the pattern in double |
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191 angle brackets. The pattern is automatically anchored at the start and |
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192 end (so it must match the entire portion of the JID). |
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194 # Match admin@example.com, and admin1@example.com, etc. |
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195 FROM: <<admin%d*>>@example.com |
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196 |
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197 **Note:** It is important to know that 'example.com' is a valid JID on |
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198 its own, and does **not** match 'user@example.com'. To perform domain |
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199 whitelists or blacklists, use Zones. |
| 1782 | 200 |
| 2047 | 201 Condition Matches |
| 202 ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 203 `FROM_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'from' attribute exactly matches the given JID | |
| 204 `TO_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'to' attribute exactly matches the given JID | |
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205 |
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206 These additional conditions do not support pattern matching, but are |
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207 useful to match the exact to/from address on a stanza. For example, if |
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208 no resource is specified then only bare JIDs will be matched. TO and FROM |
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209 match all resources if no resource is specified to match. |
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210 |
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211 **Note:** Some chains execute before Prosody has performed any |
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212 normalisation or validity checks on the to/from JIDs on an incoming |
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213 stanza. It is not advisable to perform access control or similar rules |
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214 on JIDs in these chains (see the chain documentation for more info). |
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216 ### Roster |
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217 |
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218 These functions access the roster of the recipient (only). Therefore they cannot (currently) |
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219 be used in some chains, such as for outgoing messages (the recipient may be on another server). |
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220 |
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221 Performance note: this check can potentially cause storage access (especially if the recipient |
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222 is currently offline), so you may want to limit its use in high-traffic situations, and place |
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223 it below other checks (such as a rate limiter). |
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224 |
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225 #### IN_ROSTER |
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226 |
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227 Tests whether the sender is in the recipient's roster. |
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228 |
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229 IN_ROSTER: yes |
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230 |
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231 #### IN_ROSTER_GROUP |
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232 |
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233 Tests whether the sender is in the recipient's roster, and in the named group. |
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234 |
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235 IN_ROSTER_GROUP: Friends |
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236 |
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237 ### Time and date |
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239 #### TIME |
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240 |
| 1782 | 241 Matches stanzas sent during certain time periods. |
| 242 | |
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243 Condition Matches |
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244 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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245 TIME When the current server local time is within one of the comma-separated time ranges given |
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247 TIME: 10pm-6am, 14:00-15:00 |
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248 REPLY=Zzzz. |
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249 |
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250 #### DAY |
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251 |
| 1782 | 252 It is also possible to match only on certain days of the week. |
| 253 | |
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254 Condition Matches |
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255 ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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256 DAY When the current day matches one, or falls within a rage, in the given comma-separated list of days |
| 1782 | 257 |
| 258 Example: | |
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259 |
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260 DAY: Sat-Sun, Wednesday |
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261 REPLY=Sorry, I'm out enjoying life! |
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263 All times and dates are handled in the server's local time. |
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264 |
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265 ### Rate-limiting |
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266 |
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267 It is possible to selectively rate-limit stanzas, and use rules to |
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268 decide what to do with stanzas when over the limit. |
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270 First, you must define any rate limits that you are going to use in your |
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271 script. Here we create a limiter called 'normal' that will allow 2 |
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272 stanzas per second, and then we define a rule to bounce messages when |
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273 over this limit. Note that the `RATE` definition is not part of a rule |
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274 (multiple rules can share the same limiter). |
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276 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3) |
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278 KIND: message |
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279 LIMIT: normal |
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280 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Sending too fast!) |
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282 The 'burst' parameter on the rate limit allows you to spread the limit |
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283 check over a given time period. For example the definition shown above |
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284 will allow the limit to be temporarily surpassed, as long as it is |
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285 within the limit after 3 seconds. You will almost always want to specify |
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286 a burst factor. |
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288 Both the rate and the burst can be fractional values. For example a rate |
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289 of 0.1 means only one event is allowed every 10 seconds. |
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291 The LIMIT condition actually does two things; first it counts against |
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292 the given limiter, and then it checks to see if the limiter over its |
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293 limit yet. If it is, the condition matches, otherwise it will not. |
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295 Condition Matches |
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296 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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297 `LIMIT` When the named limit is 'used up'. Using this condition automatically counts against that limit. |
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299 **Note:** Reloading mod\_firewall resets the current state of any |
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300 limiters. |
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301 |
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302 #### Dynamic limits |
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303 |
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304 Sometimes you may want to have multiple throttles in a single condition, using some property of the session or stanza |
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305 to determine which throttle to use. For example, you might have a limit for incoming stanzas, but you want to limit by |
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306 sending JID, instead of all incoming stanzas sharing the same limit. |
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307 |
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308 You can use the 'on' keyword for this, like so: |
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309 |
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310 LIMIT: normal on EXPRESSION |
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311 |
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312 For more information on expressions, see the section later in this document. |
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313 |
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314 Each value of 'EXPRESSION' has to be tracked individually in a table, which uses a small amount of memory. To prevent |
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315 memory exhaustion, the number of tracked values is limited to 1000 by default. You can override this by setting the |
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316 maximum number of table entries when you define the rate: |
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317 |
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318 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3) (entries 4096) |
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319 |
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320 Old values are automatically removed from the tracking table. However if the tracking table becomes full, new entries |
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321 will be rejected - it will behave as if the rate limit was reached, even for values that have not been seen before. Since |
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322 this opens up a potential denial of service (innocent users may be affected if malicious users can fill up the tracking |
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323 table within the limit period). You can choose to instead "fail open", and allow the rate limit to be temporarily bypassed |
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324 when the table is full. To choose this behaviour, add `(allow overflow)` to the RATE definition. |
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325 |
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326 ### Session marking |
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327 |
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328 It is possible to 'mark' sessions (see the MARK_ORIGIN action below). To match stanzas from marked sessions, use the |
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329 `ORIGIN_MARKED` condition. |
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330 |
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331 Condition Description |
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332 ------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- |
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333 ORIGIN_MARKED: markname Matches if the origin has been marked with 'markname'. |
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334 ORIGIN_MARKED: markname (Xs) Matches if the origin has been marked with 'markname' within the past X seconds. |
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335 |
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336 Example usage: |
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337 |
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338 # This rule drops messages from sessions that have been marked as spammers in the past hour |
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339 ORIGIN_MARKED: spammer (3600s) |
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340 DROP. |
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341 |
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342 # This rule marks the origin session as a spammer if they send a message to a honeypot JID |
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343 KIND: message |
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344 TO: honeypot@example.com |
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345 MARK_ORIGIN=spammer |
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346 |
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347 Actions |
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348 ------- |
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350 Actions come after all conditions in a rule block. There must be at |
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351 least one action, though conditions are optional. |
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353 An action without parameters ends with a full-stop/period ('.'), and one |
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354 with parameters uses an equals sign ('='): |
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355 |
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356 # An action with no parameters: |
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357 DROP. |
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359 # An action with a parameter: |
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360 REPLY=Hello, this is a reply. |
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362 ### Route modification |
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363 |
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364 The most common actions modify the stanza's route in some way. Currently |
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365 the first matching rule to do so will halt further processing of actions |
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366 and rules (this may change in the future). |
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368 Action Description |
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369 ----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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370 `PASS.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and let it through this chain. |
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371 `DROP.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and discard it. |
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372 `REDIRECT=jid` Redirect the stanza to the given JID. |
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373 `REPLY=text` Reply to the stanza (assumed to be a message) with the given text. |
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374 `BOUNCE.` Bounce the stanza with the default error (usually service-unavailable) |
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375 `BOUNCE=error` Bounce the stanza with the given error (MUST be a defined XMPP stanza error, see [RFC6120](http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6120.html#stanzas-error-conditions). |
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376 `BOUNCE=error (text)` As above, but include the supplied human-readable text with a description of the error |
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377 `COPY=jid` Make a copy of the stanza and send the copy to the specified JID. The copied stanza flows through Prosody's routing code, and as such is affected by firewall rules. Be careful to avoid loops. |
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378 |
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379 **Note:** It is incorrect behaviour to reply to an 'error' stanza with another error, so BOUNCE will simply act the same as 'DROP' for stanzas that should not be bounced (error stanzas and iq results). |
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380 |
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381 ### Stanza modification |
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383 These actions make it possible to modify the content and structure of a |
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384 stanza. |
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386 Action Description |
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387 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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388 `STRIP=name` Remove any child elements with the given name in the default namespace |
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389 `STRIP=name namespace` Remove any child elements with the given name and the given namespace |
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390 `INJECT=xml` Inject the given XML into the stanza as a child element |
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392 ### Sessions |
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393 |
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394 It is possible to mark sessions, and then use these marks to match rules later on. |
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395 |
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396 Action Description |
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397 ------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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398 `MARK_ORIGIN=mark` Marks the originating session with the given flag. |
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399 `UNMARK_ORIGIN=mark` Removes the given mark from the origin session (if it is set). |
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400 |
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401 **Note:** Marks apply to sessions, not JIDs. E.g. if marking in a rule that matches a stanza received |
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402 over s2s, it is the s2s session that is marked. |
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403 |
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404 It is possible to have multiple marks on an origin at any given time. |
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405 |
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406 ### Informational |
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407 |
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408 Action Description |
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409 --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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410 `LOG=message` Logs the given message to Prosody's log file. Optionally prefix it with a log level in square brackets, e.g. `[debug]` |
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411 |
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412 You can include expressions in log messages, using `$(...)` syntax. For example, to log the stanza that matched the rule, you can use $(stanza), |
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413 or to log just the top tag of the stanza, use $(stanza:top_tag()). |
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414 |
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415 Example: |
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416 |
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417 # Log all stanzas to user@example.com: |
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418 TO: user@example.com |
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419 LOG=[debug] User received: $(stanza) |
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420 |
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421 More info about expressions can be found below. |
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422 |
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423 Chains |
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424 ------ |
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425 |
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426 Rules are grouped into "chains", which are injected at particular points in Prosody's routing code. |
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427 |
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428 Available chains are: |
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429 |
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430 Chain Description |
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431 -------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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432 deliver Applies to stanzas delivered to local recipients (regardless of the stanza's origin) |
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433 deliver_remote Applies to stanzas delivered to remote recipients (just before they leave the local server) |
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434 preroute Applies to incoming stanzas from local users, before any routing rules are applied |
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435 |
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436 A chain is begun by a line `::name` where 'name' is the name of the chain you want the following rules to be |
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437 inserted into. If no chain is specified, rules are put into the 'deliver' chain. |
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438 |
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439 It is possible to create custom chains (useful with the JUMP_CHAIN action described below). User-created |
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440 chains must begin with "user/", e.g. "user/spam_filtering". |
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441 |
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442 Example of chain use: |
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443 |
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444 # example.com's firewall script |
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445 |
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446 # This line is optional, because 'deliver' is the default chain anyway: |
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447 ::deliver |
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448 |
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449 # This rule matches any stanzas delivered to our local user bob: |
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450 TO: bob@example.com |
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451 DROP. |
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452 |
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453 # Oops! This rule will never match, because alice is not a local user, |
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454 # and only stanzas to local users go through the 'deliver' chain: |
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455 TO: alice@remote.example.com |
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456 DROP. |
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457 |
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458 # Create a 'preroute' chain of rules (matched for incoming stanzas from local clients): |
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459 ::preroute |
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460 # These rules are matched for outgoing stanzas from local clients |
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461 |
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462 # This will match any stanzas sent to alice from a local user: |
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463 TO: alice@remote.example.com |
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464 DROP. |
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465 |
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466 Action Description |
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467 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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468 `JUMP_CHAIN=name` Switches chains, and passes the stanza through the rules in chain 'name'. If the new chain causes the stanza to be dropped/redirected, the current chain halts further processing. |
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469 |
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470 Expressions |
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471 ----------- |
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472 |
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473 Some conditions and actions in rules support "expressions" in their parameters (their documentation will indicate if this is the case). Most parameters |
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474 are static once the firewall script is loaded and compiled internally, however parameters that allow expressions can be dynamically calculated when a |
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475 rule is being run. |
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476 |
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477 There are two kinds of expression that you can use: stanza expressions, and code expressions. |
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478 |
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479 Stanza expressions are of the form `$<...>`, where `...` is a stanza path. For syntax of stanza paths, see the documentation for the 'INSPECT' condition |
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480 above. |
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481 |
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482 Example: |
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483 |
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484 LOG=Matched a stanza from $<@from> to $<@to> |
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485 |
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486 If the path does not match (e.g. the element isn't found, or the attribute doesn't exist) it will return the text `<undefined>`. You can override this |
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487 by specifying an alternative default value, using the syntax `$<path||default>`. |
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488 |
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489 Code expressions use `$(...)` syntax. Code expressions are powerful, and allow unconstrained access to Prosody's internal environment. Therefore |
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490 code expressions are typically for advanced use-cases only. You may want to refer to Prosody's [developer documentation](https://prosody.im/doc/developers) |
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491 for more information. In particular, within code expressions you may access the 'session' object, which is the session object of the origin of the stanza, |
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492 and the 'stanza' object, which is the stanza being considered within the current rule. Whatever value the expression returns will be converted to a string. |
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493 |
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494 Example to limit stanzas per session type: |
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495 |
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496 LIMIT: normal on $(session.type) |
