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mod_firewall/README.markdown

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mod_firewall/README.markdown @ 2070:2356114ff505

mod_firewall: Optimize string match operations, string.find is faster than .match since no string is returned
author Kim Alvefur <zash@zash.se>
date Fri, 11 Mar 2016 18:13:53 +0100
parent 2047:2ec7c0b8a371
child 2092:f5d78bc016a6
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 ---
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2 labels:
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3 - 'Stage-Alpha'
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4 summary: 'A rule-based stanza filtering module'
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5 ...
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6
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7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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8
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9 **Note:** mod\_firewall is in its very early stages. This documentation
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10 is liable to change, and some described functionality may be missing,
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11 incomplete or contain bugs. Feedback is welcome in the comments section
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12 at the bottom of this page.
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14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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15
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16 Introduction
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17 ============
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18
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19 A firewall is an invaluable tool in the sysadmin's toolbox. However
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20 while low-level firewalls such as iptables and pf are incredibly good at
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21 what they do, they are generally not able to handle application-layer
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22 rules.
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23
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24 The goal of mod\_firewall is to provide similar services at the XMPP
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25 layer. Based on rule scripts it can efficiently block, bounce, drop,
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26 forward, copy, redirect stanzas and more! Furthermore all rules can be
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27 applied and updated dynamically at runtime without restarting the
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28 server.
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29
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30 Details
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31 =======
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32
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33 mod\_firewall loads one or more scripts, and compiles these to Lua code
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34 that reacts to stanzas flowing through Prosody. The firewall script
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35 syntax is unusual, but straightforward.
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36
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37 A firewall script is dominated by rules. Each rule has two parts:
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38 conditions, and actions. When a stanza matches all of the conditions,
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39 all of the actions are executed in order.
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40
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41 Here is a simple example to block stanzas from spammer@example.com:
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42
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43 FROM: spammer@example.com
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44 DROP.
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45
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46 FROM is a condition, and DROP is an action. This is about as simple as
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47 it gets. How about heading to the other extreme? Let's demonstrate
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48 something more complex that mod\_firewall can do for you:
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49
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50 %ZONE myorganisation: staff.myorg.example, support.myorg.example
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51
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52 ENTERING: myorganisation
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53 KIND: message
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54 TIME: 12am-9am, 5pm-12am, Saturday, Sunday
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55 REPLY=Sorry, I am afraid our office is closed at the moment. If you need assistance, please call our 24-hour support line on 123-456-789.
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56
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57 This rule will reply with a short message whenever someone tries to send
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58 a message to someone at any of the hosts defined in the 'myorganisation'
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59 outside of office hours.
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60
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61 Firewall rules should be written to a `ruleset.pfw` file. Multiple such
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62 rule files can be specified in the configuration using:
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63
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64 firewall_scripts = { "path/to/ruleset.pfw" }
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65
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66 Conditions
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67 ----------
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68
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69 All conditions must come before any action in a rule block. The
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70 condition name is followed by a colon (':'), and the value to test for.
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71
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72 A condition can be preceded or followed by `NOT` to negate its match.
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73 For example:
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74
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75 NOT FROM: user@example.com
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76 KIND NOT: message
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77
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78 ### Zones
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79
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80 A 'zone' is one or more hosts or JIDs. It is possible to match when a
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81 stanza is entering or leaving a zone, while at the same time not
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82 matching traffic passing between JIDs in the same zone.
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83
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84 Zones are defined at the top of a script with the following syntax (they
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85 are not part of a rule block):
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86
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87 %ZONE myzone: host1, host2, user@host3, foo.bar.example
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88
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89 A host listed in a zone also matches all users on that host (but not
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90 subdomains).
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91
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92 The following zone-matching conditions are supported:
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93
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94 Condition Matches
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95 ------------ ------------------------------------------
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96 `ENTERING` When a stanza is entering the named zone
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97 `LEAVING` When a stanza is leaving the named zone
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98
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99 ### Stanza matching
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100
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101 Condition Matches
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102 ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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103 `KIND` The kind of stanza. May be 'message', 'presence' or 'iq'
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104 `TYPE` The type of stanza. This varies depending on the kind of stanza. See 'Stanza types' below for more information.
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105 `PAYLOAD` The stanza contains a child with the given namespace. Useful for determining the type of an iq request, or whether a message contains a certain extension.
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106 `INSPECT` The node at the specified path exists or matches a given string. This allows you to look anywhere inside a stanza. See below for examples and more.
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107
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108 #### Stanza types
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109
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110 Stanza Valid types
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111 ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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112 iq get, set, result, error
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113 presence *available*, unavailable, probe, subscribe, subscribed, unsubscribe, unsubscribed, error
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114 message normal, chat, groupchat, headline, error
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115
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116 **Note:** The type 'available' for presence does not actually appear in
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117 the protocol. Available presence is signalled by the omission of a type.
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118 Similarly, a message stanza with no type is equivalent to one of type
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119 'normal'. mod\_firewall handles these cases for you automatically.
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120
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121 #### INSPECT
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122
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123 INSPECT takes a 'path' through the stanza to get a string (an attribute
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124 value or text content). An example is the best way to explain. Let's
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125 check that a user is not trying to register an account with the username
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126 'admin'. This stanza comes from [XEP-0077: In-band
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127 Registration](http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0077.html#example-4):
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128
2002
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129 ``` xml
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130 <iq type='set' id='reg2'>
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131 <query xmlns='jabber:iq:register'>
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132 <username>bill</username>
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133 <password>Calliope</password>
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134 <email>bard@shakespeare.lit</email>
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135 </query>
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136 </iq>
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137 ```
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138
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139 KIND: iq
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140 TYPE: set
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141 PAYLOAD: jabber:iq:register
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142 INSPECT: {jabber:iq:register}query/username#=admin
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143 BOUNCE=not-allowed The username 'admin' is reserved.
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144
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145 That weird string deserves some explanation. It is a path, divided into
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146 segments by '/'. Each segment describes an element by its name,
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147 optionally prefixed by its namespace in curly braces ('{...}'). If the
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148 path ends with a '\#' then the text content of the last element will be
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149 returned. If the path ends with '@name' then the value of the attribute
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150 'name' will be returned.
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151
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152 INSPECT is somewhat slower than the other stanza matching conditions. To
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153 minimise performance impact, always place it below other faster
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154 condition checks where possible (e.g. above we first checked KIND, TYPE
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155 and PAYLOAD matched before INSPECT).
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156
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157 ### Sender/recipient matching
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158
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159 Condition Matches
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160 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------
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161 `FROM` The JID in the 'from' attribute matches the given JID
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162 `TO` The JID in the 'to' attribute matches the given JID
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163
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164 These conditions both accept wildcards in the JID when the wildcard
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165 expression is enclosed in angle brackets ('\<...\>'). For example:
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166
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167 # All users at example.com
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168 FROM: <*>@example.com
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169
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170 # The user 'admin' on any subdomain of example.com
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171 FROM: admin@<*.example.com>
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172
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173 You can also use [Lua's pattern
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174 matching](http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1) for more
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175 powerful matching abilities. Patterns are a lightweight
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176 regular-expression alternative. Simply contain the pattern in double
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177 angle brackets. The pattern is automatically anchored at the start and
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178 end (so it must match the entire portion of the JID).
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179
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180 # Match admin@example.com, and admin1@example.com, etc.
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181 FROM: <<admin%d*>>@example.com
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182
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183 **Note:** It is important to know that 'example.com' is a valid JID on
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184 its own, and does **not** match 'user@example.com'. To perform domain
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185 whitelists or blacklists, use Zones.
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186
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187 Condition Matches
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188 ---------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
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189 `FROM_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'from' attribute exactly matches the given JID
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190 `TO_EXACTLY` The JID in the 'to' attribute exactly matches the given JID
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191
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192 These additional conditions do not support pattern matching, but are
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193 useful to match the exact to/from address on a stanza. For example, if
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194 no resource is specified then only bare JIDs will be matched. TO and FROM
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195 match all resources if no resource is specified to match.
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196
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197 **Note:** Some chains execute before Prosody has performed any
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198 normalisation or validity checks on the to/from JIDs on an incoming
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199 stanza. It is not advisable to perform access control or similar rules
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200 on JIDs in these chains (see the chain documentation for more info).
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201
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202 ### Time and date
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203
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204 #### TIME
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205
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206 Matches stanzas sent during certain time periods.
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207
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208 Condition Matches
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209 ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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210 TIME When the current server local time is within one of the comma-separated time ranges given
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211
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212 TIME: 10pm-6am, 14:00-15:00
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213 REPLY=Zzzz.
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214
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215 #### DAY
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216
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217 It is also possible to match only on certain days of the week.
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218
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219 Condition Matches
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220 ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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221 DAY When the current day matches one, or falls within a rage, in the given comma-separated list of days
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222
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223 Example:
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224
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225 DAY: Sat-Sun, Wednesday
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226 REPLY=Sorry, I'm out enjoying life!
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227
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228 ### Rate-limiting
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229
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230 It is possible to selectively rate-limit stanzas, and use rules to
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231 decide what to do with stanzas when over the limit.
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232
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233 First, you must define any rate limits that you are going to use in your
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234 script. Here we create a limiter called 'normal' that will allow 2
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235 stanzas per second, and then we define a rule to bounce messages when
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236 over this limit. Note that the `RATE` definition is not part of a rule
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237 (multiple rules can share the same limiter).
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238
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239 %RATE normal: 2 (burst 3)
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240
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241 KIND: message
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242 LIMIT: normal
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243 BOUNCE=policy-violation (Sending too fast!)
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244
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245 The 'burst' parameter on the rate limit allows you to spread the limit
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246 check over a given time period. For example the definition shown above
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247 will allow the limit to be temporarily surpassed, as long as it is
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248 within the limit after 3 seconds. You will almost always want to specify
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249 a burst factor.
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250
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251 Both the rate and the burst can be fractional values. For example a rate
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252 of 0.1 means only one event is allowed every 10 seconds.
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253
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254 The LIMIT condition actually does two things; first it counts against
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255 the given limiter, and then it checks to see if the limiter over its
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256 limit yet. If it is, the condition matches, otherwise it will not.
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257
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258 Condition Matches
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259 ----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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260 `LIMIT` When the named limit is 'used up'. Using this condition automatically counts against that limit.
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261
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262 **Note:** Reloading mod\_firewall resets the current state of any
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263 limiters.
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264
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265 Actions
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266 -------
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267
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268 Actions come after all conditions in a rule block. There must be at
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269 least one action, though conditions are optional.
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270
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271 An action without parameters ends with a full-stop/period ('.'), and one
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272 with parameters uses an equals sign ('='):
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273
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274 # An action with no parameters:
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275 DROP.
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276
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277 # An action with a parameter:
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278 REPLY=Hello, this is a reply.
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279
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280 ### Route modification
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281
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282 The most common actions modify the stanza's route in some way. Currently
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283 the first matching rule to do so will halt further processing of actions
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284 and rules (this may change in the future).
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285
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286 Action Description
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287 ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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288 `PASS.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and let it through this chain.
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289 `DROP.` Stop executing actions and rules on this stanza, and discard it.
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290 `REDIRECT=jid` Redirect the stanza to the given JID.
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291 `REPLY=text` Reply to the stanza (assumed to be a message) with the given text.
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292 `BOUNCE.` Bounce the stanza with the default error (usually service-unavailable)
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293 `BOUNCE=error` Bounce the stanza with the given error (MUST be a defined XMPP stanza error, see [RFC6120](http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc6120.html#stanzas-error-conditions).
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294 `BOUNCE=error (text)` As above, but include the supplied human-readable text with a description of the error
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295 `COPY=jid` Make a copy of the stanza and send the copy to the specified JID.
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296
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297 ### Stanza modification
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298
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299 These actions make it possible to modify the content and structure of a
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300 stanza.
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301
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302 Action Description
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303 ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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304 `STRIP=name` Remove any child elements with the given name in the default namespace
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305 `STRIP=name namespace` Remove any child elements with the given name and the given namespace
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306 `INJECT=xml` Inject the given XML into the stanza as a child element
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307
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308 ### Informational
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309
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310 Action Description
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311 --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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312 `LOG=message` Logs the given message to Prosody's log file. Optionally prefix it with a log level in square brackets, e.g. `[debug]`